Native American

Whether you are a student with homework assignments on topics related to Native Americans or very interested in traditional medicine as practiced for hundreds of years by the first Americans. There is great information on Native American art forms, such as basketry and beadwork, and on clothing and dance regalia, cuisine and more.

DIRECTORIES
General | Tribal

GENERAL DIRECTORIES

Academic Info: Native American Studies - This annotated directory of Internet resources includes meta-indexes and general directories; The Reference Desk; local histories; art and culture; religions and spirituality; law and government; museums; libraries and archives; bibliographies; academic programs; and centers, institutes and associations.

Index of Native American Resources on the Internet - A thorough but slow directory of web resources. Categories covered include culture, language, history, health, education, art, government, music, electronic texts, and much more.

Native American Indian Resources - A sprawling page that links to over 300 sites concerning Native American culture, history, and literature.

NativeWeb Resource Database - This exhaustive WWW directory allows you to perform keyword searches or browse through structured sub-categories. The major categories include arts, business, education, events, languages, law, nations, media, reference materials, science, and society.

Native American Sites - This site, created by a Native American librarian, is divided into 10 categories. There are numerous web resources listed under each category. The subjects covered are individual Native nations, Native organizations and urban Indian centers, education, the mascot issue, Native media, powwows and festivals, music, arts, Native business and general Native-oriented homepages.

TRIBAL & ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTORIES

American Indian Heritage Foundation - You can search this site by tribe name, city, or state name. It provides a contact name and address for federally recognized tribe locations.

Native American Organizations - An alphabetically arranged list of organizations. Addresses, phone numbers, and when available, links to the various organizations.

Native American Organizations and Urban Indian Centers - Wide range of organizations, listed alphabetically.  Each link shows the date the site was last updated.

Native American Tribes Index Page - A large, alphabetically arranged directory by tribal name with listings of annotated links. The sites listed focus on the history and culture of many of the larger North American tribes.

Official and Unofficial Tribal Sites - Annotated links to both official and unofficial U.S. and Canadian tribal web pages.

Specific Tribal Links - This directory provides multiple access links to sites about individual tribes. It also has several general directories for locating addresses for specific tribes and organizations.

Tribal Names and Their Meanings - An alphabetically arranged listing of tribal names and name meanings.

ART
General | Basketry & Weaving | Beadwork | Kachinas | Metalworking | Porcupine Quillwork & Hair | Pottery

General

Contemporary Hopi Arts and Crafts - This site links to information on pottery, jewelry, basketry, Katsina dolls, painting, sculpture, and photography.

Heard Museum - This non-profit museum in Phoenix, Arizona houses the collection of Dwight and Maie Barlett Heard. Its mission is to "promote appreciation and respect for Native people and their cultural heritage, with emphasis on the traditional cultures of the Greater Southwest and on the evolving Native American Fine Art Movement." Teachers can sign up to receive the Heard Museum’s Teacher Mailing List that includes information about activities, exhibits, and Internet materials. A resource guide of Native American fine arts is available as a hypertext document or a single document easy for downloading. Slides are also free for teachers. "Inventing the Southwest: Fred Harvey and Native American Art" is "appropriate for intermediate and high school levels (that) can be integrated into history/social studies programs."

Index of Native American Art Related Exhibits on the Internet - An extensive listing of other sites that cover theater groups, Native American art exhibits available for travel, online exhibits, and other Native American art related sites.

Index of Native American Artists on the Internet - This site not only links to several Native American artist cooperatives, but it also links to many sites of individual Native American artists.

Index of Native American Commercial Galleries on the Internet - A lengthy listing of sites that link to non-profit galleries as well as commercial galleries dealing with Native American art.

Indian Pueblo Cultural Center - This site provides links to nineteen pueblos from Acoma to Zuni. Each one has its own separate page with very brief information about their culture, murals and other works of art, dances, etc.

Indians of North America - This collection of copper plate engravings by Theodore de Bry depict scenes of everyday life of North American Natives. Click on the title of each engraving to get more detailed information. You can also click on the engraving to get a full-screen image.

Basketry and Weaving

Internet Links to Native American Weaving and Cordage - Links to additional sites on weaving, basketry, cordage, dying and fibers.

Native American Coil Basketry - This article discusses coil basketry and includes photographs.

Native American Coil Basketry: Pine Needle Baskets of the Mid Atlantic Coast and Appalachia - This page includes illustrations and a brief discussion of pine needle baskets. It provides a link to instructions for making coiled pine needle baskets.

Native Basketry: Survival, Beauty - This sites provides links to many sites discussing the basketry of Californian Natives, the Qualla Eastern Cherokee, multi-tribal groups in New England and Canada, and other sites.

NativeTech: Basketry - Provides links to other sites discussing Nipmuc splint basketry, coil basketry, and pine needle baskets.

NativeTech: Weaving & Cordage - Provides links to sites on basketry and weaving in the Eastern Forests.

Nipmuc Splint Basketry - This illustrated article discusses Nipmuc basketry traditions, weaving the baskets, decorations including designs and stains, dyes, and paints, and the Nipmuc splint basket industry.

Shapes and Uses of California Indian Basketry - Discusses baskets made by California Native Americans and their various uses, such as gathering and transporting plant foods, storing and serving food, preparing food, and other specialized uses. Each entry includes a photo and brief description with typical size dimensions.

Beadwork

Bandolier Bags - This site provides the answers to questions such as what bandolier bags are, what they mean, who made them, their uses, and their history.

Bead and Pendant Types of the Eastern Forest - Provides links to bone & antler, ceramic, metal, shell, and stone bead and pendant types. Also includes a bibliography.

Bead Weaving Techniques and Analysis - This illustrated document discusses bead weaving.

Internet Links to Native American Beads & Beadwork - Links to sites offering information on subjects such as wampum, woven beadwork, rings, hair pipes, and bracelets.

Manidoominens Beads and Beadwork Manidoominensikaanag - This site about "Manidoominens—Anishnaabemowin for ‘seed beads’" provides links to other sites about beadwork including methods, illustrations, history and cultural values of beads.

Native American Beads: Related Web Sites - Links to sources and resources for beads and beadwork.

Native American Beadwork - This document discusses the meaning of beads and pendants in the life of Eastern Forest Native Americans.

Native American Beadwork: Introduction and Use of Glass Beads - Provides links to three sites dealing with glass beads as well as a bibliography.

Woven Wampum Beadwork - This article gives the history and background of woven wampum beadwork in southern New England.

Kachinas

Guide to Hopi Kachinas - This site discusses various Hopi Kachinas and "how they fit in the Hopi life and religion."

Metalworking

Contact & Precontact Copper & Brass Sheet Metal in the Northeast - A very brief discussion of the history of using copper and brass sheet metal to make utensils and tools.

Internet Links to Metalwork - Provides links to such sites as blacksmith basics, coppers, iron working, and steel types.

NativeTech: Metal Working - Links to other Native American sites on metal working.

Tinkling Cones~Past & Present Traditions - This illustrated site discusses this Native American ornament and links to a page with instructions for making tinkling cones.

Porcupine Quillwork and Hair

Internet Links to Porcupine Quillwork and Hair - Links to other quillwork sites.

Introduction to Techniques and Methods of Porcupine Quillwork - This site links to others regarding porcupine quillwork and single-quill diamond or zig-zag stitch, single-quill parallel-fold or simple band stitch, and the single-quill line embroidery.

NativeTech: Porcupine Quillwork - This site links to other sites about quillwork and includes an FAQ about quillwork and porcupines, and bibliographic references for quillwork.

Porcupine Quill Embroidery - This illustrated page discusses porcupine quill embroidery.

Quill Embroidery Tools and Techniques - This article discusses quill embroidery. There are no pictures or illustrations.

Pottery

Acoma and Zuni Pottery - Visuals of Acoma and Zuni Pueblos pottery from the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries. Click on a piece of pottery to see whether it was made by Zuni or Acoma. You can enlarge the image to full screen size by clicking on .jpeg.

Hollister Collection of Southwestern Native American Pottery - Covering the period of 1875-1966, these Southwestern pots represent the Acoma, Cochiti, Hopi, Jemez, Laguna, Maricopa, Picaris, San Ildefonso, San Feliipe, San Juan, Santo Clara, Santo Domingo, Taos, Tesuque, Zia, and Zuni. You can also locate these pots by searching the form: ashtray, wedding vase, pitcher, mug, jar, canteen, vase, basket, and bowl. Once you’ve made your selection, you will get a page with thumbnail images of the pottery. Click on the small picture to view a larger image and to get additional information such as height, weight, colorclay, diameter, colorslip, thickness, form, and ware.

Making Hand-Built Coiled Pottery - Shows you how to make hand-built coiled pottery in eight steps.

Native American Pottery in New England - This document discusses the history of Native American pottery in New England and includes drawings and photos.

NativeTech: Pottery & Clay - Provides links to the pottery in southern New England, a chronology of southern New England pottery, how to prepare clay, how to make a clay pot, tools used to decorate pottery, firing pottery, and many others.

Pottery & Clay Sculpture - This site links to various sites about pottery including one about potters in a Mexican village in northern Chihuahua, a link to a discussion of pueblo pottery terms, a site to Al Qöyawayma, a Hopi artist, and others.

EDUCATION
Materials For Teachers & Librarians | General Education

Materials for Teachers and Librarians

American Indian Library Association - This site answers questions about the American Indian Library Association, includes a membership form and its by-laws, provides resources for tracing Native roots, locates distributors of books by and about Native Americans and Indian education. The extensive listing of links to other Native and minority library and literature organizations and resources is excellent.

Children’s Books With Native American History, Themes & Characters - This excellent source refers you to additional web sites covering such topics as Native themes, Native authors and illustrators, Native American contemporary fiction, Native American historical fiction, teachers and librarians, higher education, and many tribal nations.

A Critical Bibliography on North American Indians, For K-12 - "This bibliography, compiled by the Anthropology Outreach Office of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, is a response to teachers’ concerns about choosing culturally sensitive and historically accurate books for children about American Indians and Alaska Natives. Parents and the general public may also find it to be a valuable resource for making informed choices about books." This lengthy bibliography is separated into regional sections for easier access. They are Southwest, NW Coast, California, Plateau, Arctic, Plains, Great Basin, Subarctic, Northwest, Northeast, and General. In the Southwest section, for example, you can find traditional stories, non-fiction, fiction and biographies for the Southwest, Acoma Pueblo, Anasazi, Apache, Cochiti Pueblo, Cocopa, Havasupai, Hohokan, Hopi Pueblo, Isleta Pueblo, Laguna Pueblo, Navajo, Pima, Pueblo, Taos Pueblo, Tarahumara, Zuni Pueblo and many others. These annotations include grade level.

Dos and Donts (Appropriate Methods When Teaching About Native American Peoples) - Ableza, a Native American Arts and Film Institute, has put together this list of appropriate methods to use when teaching about Native American peoples. Links to other sites are included that expand on the topic.

Native American Children’s Books, Smith-Leitich - A collection of online resources dealing with Native peoples aimed at teachers, librarians, and anyone working with children.

Oyate On-Line - This site was put together by "a Native organization working to see that our lives and histories are portrayed honestly." Included are evaluations of fiction and non-fiction children’s and young adult materials by and about Native peoples, a selection of materials to order, and teacher guides and curricula.

Teaching Indigenous Languages - Just a sampling of the topics covered at this site includes affirmative action, bilingual programs, book reviews, dropout prevention, immersion, language preservation, literacy, needs assessment, student motivation, and teaching methods.

Teaching Young Children About Native Americans - This site by Debbie Reese, a Pueblo Indian, offers tools to help with evaluating books, curriculum materials, and videos. It deals with stereotypes and offers practical suggestions for teaching Native American history.

Techniques for Evaluating American Indian Web Sites - "The purpose of this Web page is to provide some guidelines useful for evaluating and identifying Web sites that contain accurate information and that are not exploitative of American Indians." This document discusses general web site guidelines, authority, and content.

General Education

Alaska Native Knowledge Network - You can search the curriculum resources at this site by typing in your request and then clicking on the grade level of your chosen theme. Some of the categories included are family, language/communication, cultural expression, tribe/community, health/wellness, outdoor survival, subsistence, energy/ecology, and applied technology. Your response lists the resource title, author, rating, culture/language, and themes.

American Indian College Fund - The non-profit American Indian College Fund was created by thirty tribal colleges to "raise desperately-needed scholarship, endowment and operating monies." From this page you can locate the various colleges by clicking on Where are the Colleges?

American Indian Higher Education Consortium's Tribal College Journal - Alphabetical list of colleges, with contact information.

Index of Native American College Resources on the Internet - This is a guide to Native American Studies programs being offered as majors, minors, and certifications at the baccalaureate level or above. The programs are listed by region: Eastern U.S., Western U.S., Northcentral U.S., Southcentral U.S., and Canada. Degrees are listed under Ph.D., M.A., Baccalaureate majors, Baccalaureate minors, and concentrations. The resulting item lists title of program, university address, web address (if available), name and title of director, degrees granted, description of program offerings, areas of faculty interest or expertise, resources available, financial aid for students, and number of students in the programs.

Native Education Directory - This directory includes international, national and multi-state non-governmental organizations; federal programs; media, periodicals, publishers, and producers; state and territorial government and non-government organizations; and colleges and universities offering Native studies, Native language instruction, supportive services, or scholarships for Native students. You can search by entering the key word(s) or you can click on any section listed in the Table of Contents.

LANGUAGES
General Sources | Specific Languages

General Sources

Numbers in North Amerindian Languages - Major language categories covered include Eskimo-Aleut, Na-Dené, Almosan, Siouan, Caddoan, Iroquoian, and Hokan.

Index of Native American Language Resources on the Internet - Besides links to Native Americans of the United States, Canada, and Latin America, this site provides links to Living Languages of the Americas, The Endangered Language Fund, Less Commonly Taught Languages Project, Teaching Indigenous Languages, Wayne Leman’s Language Links, and Tribal Names: Meanings & Alternative Names.

Inwewinan - Native American Languages - Links to the Native Language Act of 1992, the U.S. Federal Register - Native Language Development Grants, Places that Teach Indian Languages, and specific languages such as Ojibwe-Anishinaabemowin, Six Nations (Iroquois), Mayan Languages, and Cherokee. Includes statistics on many Native languages as well as dictionaries.

Native Languages Page - This site, maintained by Lisa Mitten, provides links to an assortment of Native American language resources on the Web.

Survey for California and Other Indian Languages - The Survey is a "research center and archive which provides workspace for scholars and students specializing in the field and it manages a large collection of tapes on American Indian languages which are located at the Berkeley Language Center." Online resources include a catalog of the Survey Archives, tribal maps, linguistic group maps, and a search tool to search the Survey Archives.

A Web of On-line Dictionaries - This site, which is linked to over 800 dictionaries in 160 languages, allows the user to type in a word or phrase from any European language to get the translation in such languages as Eskimo, Hawaiian, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Lakhota, Lenape, Mohawk, and Potawatomi among many others.

Specific Languages

Abenaki

The Abenaki Language - Translation of a brief listing of words.

Athabascan

California Athapascan Home Page - Links to Eel River languages (Cahto, Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, and Wailaki), Hupa-Chilula languages (Chilula-Whilkut and Hupa & Tsnungxwe), and Mattole-Bear River languages (Bear River and Mattole).

Cayuga

Cayuga Language - Part of the booklet developed by Six Nations Polytechnic staff member Marge Henry entitled Most Commonly Used Phrases. To hear the phrase in Cayuga, click on the desired phrase.

Cherokee

Freeware Cherokee Font Information - This site offers you the option of downloading the Cherokee font and also includes a Cherokee table and pronunciation guide.

The Cherokees of California - This non-profit tribal organization, which isn’t affiliated with the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, seeks to "preserve and pass on to the next generation our traditions, history and language." This site includes the history of the Cherokee language, a Cherokee syllabary, and six Cherokee lessons.

Raven’s Tsa-La-Gi Page - Provides links to the Cherokee alphabet, a chart of vowels with sound bytes, symbols, and a Cherokee Lexicon with animal names, adjectives, simple verbs, and phrases.

Chippewa

Chippewa (Ojibwe) Language - Anishinabemowin - This site, "dedicated to the preservation of Anishinabebimadissiwin," provides pages on impersonal verbs, writing Chippewa, personal pronouns, plurals, and sample sentences, as well as information on how to order the Chippewa Language Book.

Comanche

Numu Tekwapuha Nomneekatu - Information about work that The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee has instituted to preserve the language and the history of the Comanche People.

Dakota

The Dakota Language Homepage - Included are lessons, methodology, and a questions/feedback section.

Hawaiian

Kualono - You can download special, required Hawaiian HI fonts or click on the H button for Hawaiian text or the P button for English text.

Hupa

Danny Ammon’s Hupa Language Web Page - This personal web page offers a Hupa Alphabet Chart, Hupa numbers, verb forms, and words with graphics.

Ioway-Otoe-Missouria

Ioway-Otoe-Missouria Language - "Ioway-Otoe-Missouria Language is a Siouan Language designated as the Chiwere subgroup of Mississippi Valley Siouan." This site provides a bibliography of essential materials for studying this language, including glossaries and word lists; texts, songs and song books, primers, reading books; grammars and grammatical/language papers; kinship; manuscripts; missionary materials; stories, myths, legends in English; and ethnography.

Iroquois

Language Index - This language site from the Six Nations at the Grand River Reserve in Ontario, Canada contains language files with sound samples and written words of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora. Also includes fonts and statistics.

Kanienkehaka

Kanienkehaka Language Homepage - This site, "dedicated to preserving, enriching and promoting Haudenosaunee/Kanienkehaka language and culture," includes dictionary sources, words, and language references.

Kiowa

An Unofficial Practical Orthography for the Kiowa Language - This brief page shows Kiowa vowels and consonants.

Lakota

Customized Computer Software/Programming - You can download "Lakohta Word v2.0 (which) is a translation dictionary that converts English words to Lakota with over 3000 words included. It also has a pronunciation guide for every word along with a general guide to speaking the Lakhota language." With Learn Lakota Now!, you can click on the Lakota word to hear the common phrase or words in such categories as numbers, body parts, animals, shapes, colors, and foods. You can also download the Rinehart Collection of old (late 1800s to 1901) pictures screen saver.

Lenape

Common Words and Phrases in Lenape - To hear the Lenape pronunciation, simply click on the Lenape word.

Miami

The Miami Language - Besides explaining this Algonquian language, this site provides links to short lists of Miami words under Greetings and Animal Names and Common Phrases. Crossword puzzles and word search puzzles are also included.

Ojibwe

Ojibwe Language and Culture - Besides a section on language, this site has links to crosscultural materials, a bibliography of further references, and an index of Ojibwe (Anishinaabe/Chippewa) authors online.

Omaha-Ponca

Omaha-Ponca - This Siouan language is discussed under the following headings: phonology with comments and pronunciation examples, morphology, syntax, texts, and bibliography.

Potawatomi

Potawatomi Web - This web site is divided into five sections. You can learn to speak Potawatomi in the "bode’wadmimo" section which includes an orthography and dictionary with sound files and documents written in the Potawatomi language. In the "nIshnabe’k" section, you can learn about the Potawatomi people, their history, culture, genealogy, and life. "Mzenegenek" is their "collection of hypertexts and "nizhokmake’wen" provides a list of additional resources.

Siouan

Siouan Languages and Related Subjects - Links to Omaha-Ponca, projects, pictures, publications, and an FAQ on Siouan and other Native American languages.

MEDIA
Electronic Texts | Music, Video, & Film | Newspapers & Magazines

ELECTRONIC TEXTS

Native American Electronic Texts - A large collection of e-texts. These range from articles to historical texts.

Native American History - Historical Texts Archive - A large collection of historical online texts. They are arranged alphabetically by author name. Most were written around 1900.

MUSIC, VIDEO, AND FILM

Index of Native American Music Resources on the Internet - This extensive listing of sites is part of a larger site on Native American resources put together by Karen Strom. Included are sections on general resources, individual artists and bands, music sources, music organizations, music reviews and articles, and musical instruments with some annotations.

Index of Native American Video Resources on the Internet - Again, an extensive listing of sites that is part of the larger site on Native American resources by Karen Strom. Commercial and non-commercial sites are included and some sites have brief annotations.

Indigenous Peoples of North and Central America/Native Americans - A large, annotated alphabetical listing of videos available at the Media Resources Center at University of California-Berkeley. Some contain reviews.

National Museum of the American Indian Film and Video Center - This site highlights the Film and Video Center, located at the National Museum of the American Indian in New York. Included is information about the Center, information about the Native American Film and Video Festival held biennially, films screened at NMAI, and a feature presentation.

NativeCelebs - Native Americans in the entertainment industry are the focus of this site. Features include a newsletter, a profile of a featured Native actor, and listings of movies with Native content, movies featuring Native actors, TV films and series, as well as links to reviews.

Sources for Indian Music - Native American Singers and Recording Artists - This is a section on Lisa Mitten’s Native American Home Pages. Included are lists of links to record labels, distributors, and reviews as well as a listing of links about performers, recording artists, and drums.

NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES

Cherokee Observer - "The only independent Cherokee newspaper," The Cherokee Observer site links to current articles, political information, the Cherokee National Party, the Cherokee language, and archives. Subscription information is included.

Indian Country Today - The online version of this weekly newspaper "that covers national news and events (and) is currently distributed in all fifty states and in seventeen foreign countries." The full-text of selected articles is available, but you must subscribe to the paper edition to get the entire newspaper.

Native Americas Journal - This journal is published quarterly by the American Indian Program at Cornell University and features various articles on important Native American issues. "Many of the articles in Native Americas feature breaking news from in-depth investigative reporting." Subscription information is included.

Native People’s Magazine - This site provides selected articles from the print edition. Teacher guides and lesson plans are available as well.

Navajo Hopi Observer Online - This weekly newspaper covers quick reads, news, opinions, community, weather, sports, and arts. A link to subscribe is included.

Navajo Times on the Web - Daily newspaper of the Navajo people.

MISC A-Z
Beliefs, Mythology & Religion | Biography | Clothing | Culture | Food & Cooking | Government & Law | History
Issues | Literature | Maps | Statistics | Texas | Traditional Medicine & Ethnobotany

BELIEFS, MYTHOLOGY, AND RELIGION

Aadizookaanac - Traditional Stories, Legends & Myths - A nice collection that allows you to search for stories, legends and myths by region of origin.

American Indians and the Natural World - This site, produced by the Carnegie Museum, examines the belief systems and practical knowledge that guides four Native American tribes' interaction with the natural world.

Powerful Symbols: Honoring the Animal Spirits - The symbolism of several animals is discussed, with tribal legends and stories.

Regional Folklore and Mythology - This is a large directory of folklore and mythology sites from around the world. There is a section on Native Americans which contains a wide variety of sources, such as online texts of public domain books and individual home pages.

Religion, Rituals, Myths and Legends -

An annotated list of some twenty different sites which concern various tribes' religious beliefs and practices.

BIOGRAPHY

American Indian Medal of Honor Winners - Brief biographical sketches of five Native American Medal of Honor winners.

Great Chiefs and Leaders - Nice biographical portraits and reflections on the lives of numerous great Native American leaders of the past. People covered include well-known leaders such as Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull and less well-known leaders such as Roman Nose and Little Turtle.

Powerful People - Biographical sketches of individuals such as Cochise, Geronimo, Chief Joseph, and Sitting Bull.

Individual Biography

CLOTHING AND ADORNMENT

The Costume Gallery’s Online Library - To locate links to Native American costume sites, first click on the Cultural button on the second shelf.

The Costume Page - There are more than thirty links to various sites on Native American clothing. Some examples are Alaska Native Costume Information, Fancy Powwow Outfits, Items Related to Native American Issues and Concerns, Native American Textiles & Clothing, and Athapaskan Hunter.

Hair Pipes in Plains Indian Adornment - This site is from the Anthropological Papers, No. 50 from the Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. It contains a discussion of the history of hair pipes, maps, tables, and many illustrations.

Internet Links to Native American Art Resources - This page provides links to other sites with information about Native American clothing and hide, fur and leather tanning.

Moccasins - A detailed discussion of moccasins and how to make a center-seam moccasin.

NativeTech: Leather and Clothes - This site focuses on the Eastern Woodlands and provides information and pictures of their clothing. Useful sections include an overview of Native American footwear, mittens and gloves, leather bags and pouches, tanning and the preservation of other animal parts. In the Regional Overview of Native American Clothing and Regalia section, you will find an annotated sketch as well as a link to a map of culture areas with illustrated clothing and a bibliography for Native American clothing and regalia. It also provides links to other resources on the World Wide Web.

NativeTech: Regional Overview of Native American Technology and Art - This page provides a map of culture areas and locations of tribes with illustrations of clothing. The site is divided into Northeast, the Great Lakes, Southeast, Southwest, Prairie, Plains, Plateau, Basin, California, Northwest Coast, and Subarctic.

Pow Wow Dance Styles - "There are certain guidelines that all dancers follow when making their regalia. These styles have evolved from the old days and each has its own unique story and traditions." This site lists both men’s and women’s dance styles such as southern straight dance, grass dance, fancy shawl dance, and jingle dress dance. All of the styles then link to another page that discusses the dance and its appropriate regalia or clothing.

Pow Wow Terminology - This is a "list and description of several items, words, and terms that are unique to pow wows. Many contain pictures and sound files, so feel free to explore any listing further by clicking on the provided link." Examples include bandoliers, beadwork, bustle, and clackers.

CULTURE

American Indian Studies - The American Indian Studies Program at California State University - Long Beach has been in existence since 1969. This site is supervised by Professor Troy Johnson and "is dedicated to the presentation of unique artwork, photographs, video and sound recordings which accurately reflect the history, culture and richness of the Native American experience in North America…" There are links to sites discussing the Indian occupation of Alcatraz in the section on Indians of North America, a developing section on Indians of Central America and Mexico, a section of Tribes and Nations Homepages, and a section of related web sites.

Index of Native American Cultural Resources on the Internet - This very extensive list of sites is part of the larger site on Native American resources put together by Karen Strom. Included is a listing of multicultural sites and a large listing of tribe/nation sites in the United States, Canada, and Latin America.

Indian Pueblo Cultural Center - This site provides links to nineteen pueblos from Acoma to Zuni. Each one has its own separate page with very brief information about their culture, murals and other works of art, dances, etc.

Luxton Museum of the Plains Indian - This site’s collection "has been organized into 20 modules under four main sections" that include history/background, hunter/warrior, spiritual life, and daily life. Daily Life includes food, birth/child rearing, clothing, the tipi, and quillwork and beadwork. Each of those sections includes a description of the topic accompanied by a series of pictures.

Pow Wow Dance Styles - "There are certain guidelines that all dancers follow when making their regalia. These styles have evolved from the old days and each has its own unique story and traditions." This site lists both men’s and women’s dance styles such as southern straight dance, grass dance, fancy shawl dance, and jingle dress dance. All of the styles then link to another page that discusses the dance and its appropriate regalia or clothing.

Pow Wow Terminology - This is a "list and description of several items, words, and terms that are unique to pow wows. Many contain pictures and sound files, so feel free to explore any listing further by clicking on the provided link." Examples include bandoliers, beadwork, bustle, and clackers.

FOOD AND COOKING

The Best in Native American Cuisine - This site is "produced by the Santa Ana Pueblo to promote economic development throughout Indian Country by helping to expand the market for Indian food products." It provides links to sources to commercial enterprises that sell food products necessary for Native American recipes.

Indian Foods and Herbs - Besides recipes for frybread and Indian tacos, this site discusses jerked meat, pemmican, acorn meal or flour, and acorn bread.

Kwakuitl Recipes - This site has "genuine Kwakuitl Indian recipes from NW Coast circa 1914." Included are recipes for boiled halibut heads & backbone, whale and salmon.

Native Recipes - This excellent site is divided into sections: frybread; Native cookbooks; wild rice recipes; corn, hominy, cornmeal; squash, pumpkin; fish, birds; herbal teas, culinary herbs; nutrition information, cookbooks for kids; maple sugar/syrup recipes; beans and greens; deermeat, meat; fruit and berries; and xocoatl (chocolate), Aztecs (and south) YUM!

Native Tech: Food and Recipes - This site is also divided into useful sections: beverages & teas; from the four legged (recipes for raccoon, beaver, buffalo, possum, moose, venison, etc.); from the bird (includes doves, pheasant, chicken); from the fish; plants, fruit & vegetables; breads, nuts, seeds & grains. It also includes "recipes that defy categorization" such as baked grindle, beans & bacon, and others.

Traditional Food, Health and Nutrition - This site provides many links to additional information about food and diet, cooking and recipes, and health of Native Americans.

GOVERNMENT AND LAW

Code Talk - This site is a virtual clearinghouse of resources relating to Native Americans sponsored by the federal agencies with Native American programs.

Flags of Native Peoples of the United States - This site provides beautiful illustrations of the flags of numerous tribes and has a description of the history of each flag.

Internet Law Library; Indian Nations and Tribes - Links to web resources including the Native American Constitution and Law Digitization Project, and treaties with the Continental Congress.

Repatriation and Reburial Issues - This site provides annotated links to laws, articles, case studies and organizations.

HISTORY

American Indian Movement - A large index of sites and articles concerning the history and activities of AIM.

American Indian Occupation of Alcatraz Island - An interesting collection of photographs taken during the 1969-1971 occupation of Alcatraz Island.

Battle of Little Bighorn - An eyewitness account of the battle by Lakota Chief Red Horse.

First Nation Histories - Lengthy articles concerning numerous tribal histories. To access the longer entries, click on the name of the tribe of interest at the top of the page. This will take you to a brief entry. At this point, click on the name of the tribe at the top of the brief entry and it will take you to a much lengthier article which discusses the culture, location, language and history of the tribe from the time of contact up to 1900.

Native American Chronology 1830-1890 - A fairly detailed chronology of events that took place during this time period.

Native American Experience - A large collection of historical photographs of the Native American Experience made available by Facts on File. The collection is arranged chronologically from prehistoric times to 1990.

Navajo Code Talkers: World War II Fact Sheet - A short description of the history of the Navajo Code Talkers of World II and how they baffled the very efficient Japanese code breakers.

On This Date In North American Indian History - Scroll halfway down the page and you come to an area that allows you to search for historical events that occurred during a given week.

Original Native People of the Americas - Among other things, this page offers essays on the Battle of Little Bighorn, Wounded Knee and the Trail of Tears. You have to scroll half way down before you see links to these and other essays.

Trail of Tears - This site describes the removal of the Cherokee Nation from Georgia and the devastating nature of their forced journey of relocation.

Wounded Knee Home Page - This site documents the tragedy which occurred at Wounded Knee.

ISSUES
Information concerning stereotypes can also be found in the Materials for Teachers and Librarians section.

American Indian Gaming and Casino Information Center - This site provides information about the benefits that the gaming industry has provided to Native tribes. It has sections on the myths and facts as well as the statistics surrounding this issue.

Casinos: Is Gaming the New Buffalo? - This site discusses both the positive and negative sides of the casino issue. Throughout the discussion, you are offered links to other relevant pages.

Legislative Health Policy - Information resource for current issues in Indian health policy, with links, from the Association of American Indian Physicians.

Mascot Issue - Here you will find a compilation of web sites and writings concerning the use of Indian mascots by sports teams.

Native American Political Issues - Articles concerning a wide range of issues including the slaughter of buffaloes and the sterilization of Native American women.

Native Opinions on Pocahontas - This site provides a discussion and links to other information about the Disney film, Pocahontas.

Repatriation and Reburial Issues - This site provides annotated links to laws, articles, case studies and organizations.

LITERATURE

Aadizookaanag, Dibaajimowin (Native Stories – Many Truths) - A collection of book reviews, Native narratives, traditional stories, picture-stories, Native author biographies, Mayan stories, comparison of the myths of Oochigeaskw and Cinderella, and a Native languages section set up and maintained by Paula Giese (Anishinabe).

Native American Authors - This site, provided by the Internet Public Library, consists of biographical and bibliographic information for primarily contemporary and historical Native North Americans. Authors are indexed by name, title of work, and tribe. Various web links are included.

Oyate On-Line - This site was put together by "a Native organization working to see that our lives and histories are portrayed honestly." Included are evaluations of fiction and non-fiction children’s and young adult materials by and about Native peoples, a selection of materials to order, and teacher guides and curricula.

Storytellers: Native American Authors Online - This page was conceived to "make the writing of modern Native American authors … both more visible and more widely available." Pages were developed in collaboration with the respective authors. Included is an alphabetical as well as a tribal listing of the authors, reviews of books by Native American authors, a page on traditional storytelling, and a listing of related sites.

MAPS

Maps: GIS Windows On Native Lands, Current Places and Histories - Numerous maps concerning Native American history and culture are available through this site. Many of the maps use a lot of memory and may take quite awhile to load.

North American Tribes, Culture Areas & Linguistic Stocks - An interactive map which allows you to zoom in on any area and then click on that area to find links to pages of information on tribes from that region.

STATISTICS

American Indians and Crime - Reports on the rate and nature of crimes committed against Native Americans and summarizes data on American Indians in the criminal justice system.

TEXAS

Handbook of Texas - The online version of the Handbook of Texas provides lengthy articles on Texas tribes. Simply type in the name of the particular tribe that you are looking for and a list of articles will be provided.

Texas Indians - This site provides a nice selection of essays concerning numerous Native American tribes of Texas. There are also descriptions of activities for children as well as links to other Texas Indian sites.

TRADITIONAL MEDICINE & ETHNOBOTANY

AAIP Resources: Traditional Medicine - This site by the Association of American Indian Physicians (AAIP) stresses that there are many approaches to traditional medicine and that "AAIP does not endorse any single method but recognizes the diversity that exists and supports the rights of the tribes to continue the traditions that have been passed down through many generations." Therefore, this site provides links to many Native American sites dealing with medicine, healing, food, and health.

Cherokee Messenger: Native American Herbal Remedies - Discusses various Native American remedies for such diseases as asthma, backache, burns, diarrhea, fevers, insect bites and stings, and the common cold.

Native American Ethnobotany Database - This database provides information about the foods, drugs, dyes, and fibers of Native North American people. "This represents uses by 291 Native American groups of 4,029 species from 243 different plant families" for a total of over 44,000 items. You can do a Boolean search, limit the number of items to be found, match whole words only, or do case sensitive searches. Results of the searches can include bibliographies of articles, various reports and books.

Native American Health History - Developed by the Indian Health Service and the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, this searchable database contains bibliographic information and abstracts on historical American Indian and Alaskan Native medical and health research from 1652 to 1970.  Links from this site include a category titled “Pre-defined Expert Searches,” which holds information about Native Americans and diabetes, cancer, tuberculosis and other diseases.

The Roots of North American Medicine - This brief article, from a 1994 issue of Indian Life Magazine, explores the history of medicine in North American Native cultures.

Southwest School of Botanical Medicine Bisbee, Arizona Home Page - This site provides photos, engravings, and drawings of medicinal plants from various sources. There is an index of more than 1,600 plant pictures and maps listed by genus and species, color illustrations by 20^th century artist, Mary Vaux Walcott, and others by the National Geographic Society from 1915-1924. Pen and ink drawings by botanical artist Mimi Kamp and over 1,350 images listed by genus are also included.

Traditional Herbal & Plant Knowledge, Identification - An excellent site with annotated links to other research tools and sites dealing with plants and ethnobotany.

Posted/Updated: 06/11/2008
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